The tools and graphical data pointed by this page are included in the research paper “Energy Efficiency across Programming Languages: How does Energy, Time and Memory Relate?”, accepted at the International Conference on Software Language Engineering (SLE) - Rui Pereira, Marco Couto, Francisco Ribeiro, Rui Rua, Jácome Cunha, João Paulo Fernandes, and João Saraiva
At least to me, these are some surprising results: Neither did I know how efficient Haskell really was nor that Rust had already overtaken C++.