The Opium wars were part of the century of humiliation.
In mainland China, the century of humiliation is considered to have ended in 1949 with the founding of the People’s Republic of China. In Taiwan, the century of humiliation is considered to have ended in 1945, when the ROC became a founding member of the United Nations with a permanent seat on the UN security council. (That seat was transferred to the PRC in 1971.)
The Opium wars were part of the century of humiliation.
In mainland China, the century of humiliation is considered to have ended in 1949 with the founding of the People’s Republic of China. In Taiwan, the century of humiliation is considered to have ended in 1945, when the ROC became a founding member of the United Nations with a permanent seat on the UN security council. (That seat was transferred to the PRC in 1971.)
I mean, as a westerner, Id think losing a war against sparrows would be pretty humiliating too.