This whole situation seems like a perfect opportunity to use highly efficient lossy image compression.
Same goes for video, though I’d guess encoding AV1 video on a Mars rover might be asking a but too much, it might be worth a try with VP9?
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As lossy image compression changes the image itself it is not suitable for scientific work where you carefully analyze fine details in the captured image. I’m pretty sure they are using raw sensor data - at least for still images.