Honestly, the biggest failure in ethics is not focusing on uncertainty. Thought experiments are less than useless because you can never have full knowledge of outcomes in reality. Ethics often presupposes deductive reasoning, making it inapplicable to our uncertain reality. You cannot prove anything about reality, only about the forms that we made the fuck up to approximate it. All of those formal systems are built on induction, meaning they are always uncertain.

Uncertainty is inevitable, fundamental, and unavoidable. If we want ethical theories to apply to real life, they must deal with uncertainties at every level. Reject deduction, accept epistemological solipsism. I just don’t see how we can ever be certain, but that’s ok. We can build far more if we accept that limitation from the get go.